Disease prediction with multi-omics and biomarkers empowers case–control genetic discoveries in the UK Biobank
The emergence of biobank-level datasets offers new opportunities to discover novel biomarkers and develop predictive algorithms for human disease. Here, we present an ensemble machine-learning framework (machine learning with phenotype associations, MILTON) utilizing a range of biomarkers to predict 3,213 diseases in the UK Biobank. Leveraging the UK Biobank's longitudinal health record data, MILTON predicts incident disease cases undiagnosed at time of recruitment, largely outperforming available polygenic risk scores. We further demonstrate the utility of MILTON in augmenting genetic association analyses in a phenome-wide association study of 484,230 genome-sequenced samples, along with 46,327 samples with matched plasma proteomics data. This resulted in improved signals for 88 known (P < 1 × 10<sup>-8</sup>) gene-disease relationships alongside 182 gene-disease relationships that did not achieve genome-wide significance in the nonaugmented baseline cohorts. We validated these discoveries in the FinnGen biobank alongside two orthogonal machine-learning methods built for gene-disease prioritization. All extracted gene-disease associations and incident disease predictive biomarkers are publicly available ( http://milton.public.cgr.astrazeneca.com ).
Authors
- Dorota Matelska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-3479)
- Lawrence Middleton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2789-7244)
- Fengyuan Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-7551)
- Katherine R. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-5938)
- Marcin Karpiński
- Oliver S. Burren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-5760)
- Andrew R. Harper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-0328)
- Eleanor Wheeler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-6444)
- Ryan S. Dhindsa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-0813)
- Jonathan Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-8150)
- Margarete A. Fabre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-610X)
- Dimitrios Vitsios (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-5445)
- Euan Angus Ashley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-9577)
- Manik Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0453-2058)
- Slavé Petrovski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-961X)
- Amanda O’Neill
- Quanli Wang
Institutions
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Babraham Institute (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- AstraZeneca (Australia) (AU)
- AstraZeneca (Singapore) (SG)
- AstraZeneca (United States) (US)
- Austin Health (AU)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2024-09-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01898-1
- Citations
- 82
- Primary Topic
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 45.13
Funders
- AstraZeneca