Biocontrol Agents of Mycoflora to Improve the Physiological and Genetic Characteristics of Maize Plants

This study investigated the application of biocontrol agents to enhance the physiological and genetic traits of maize in the context of mycoflora management. The mycoflora, which is symbiotically linked with plants, presents a substantial worldwide menace to maize cultivation. The use of chemical fungicides for controlling mycoflora has created environmental concerns and potential risks to human health, prompting the need for alternative techniques. In this study, we used plant extracts dissolved in water as a method of biological control against maize seeds infected with Fusarium verticillioides. This study incorporated four plant extracts, namely, neem (Azadirachta indica), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Nerium oleander, and garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Each extract was utilized at two distinct concentrations: 10% and 20%. The results indicated that garlic extract was highly effective against F. verticillioides, as demonstrated by the substantial effects of garlic extract at two distinct concentrations. Compared with the other extracts, the rosemary extract also exhibited a degree of efficacy. Following the therapy, the infected maize exhibited a significant enhancement in multiple dimensions. There was a considerable increase in the dry and fresh weights of the roots and shoots, as well as an increase in plant height. The utilization of garlic extracts had a notable favorable impact, as it augmented the plants' disease resistance and increased their ability to absorb nutrients. Consequently, there was an increase in crop productivity. The results emphasize the significance of incorporating biocontrol agents into agricultural methods to support sustainable maize cultivation and conserve soil health and biodiversity.