Strategies for rational design and applications of transition metal clusters

Transition metal clusters have garnered considerable attention as fascinating nanoscale entities with unique properties that transcend the behavior of isolated atoms and bulk materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the latest advancements in the field of transition metal cluster research. The paper begins with a discussion on the diverse synthesis strategies reported for controlled synthesis of clusters, emphasizing the role of synthesis conditions on their size and composition. A discussion on their structural characterization using x ray and spectroscopic methods follow, unveiling the atomic arrangements, electronic structures, and their correlations with the observed properties. Appreciating the contribution of theoretical analyses to the study of systems of such scales, observations, and revelations by density functional theory on the associated structure–property relationships are discussed with a brief overview of their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties, showcasing their potential for allied applications. A considerable attention in the review has been devoted on the discussion on the stability and size control of the clusters. By providing a holistic overview of the structure, properties, stability, size control, and applications of transition metal clusters, this review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and technologists equally, inspiring further investigations and ventures in this captivating field.