Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Medication Among Pregnant Women at an Antenatal Clinic at Soba Teaching Hospital, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

BACKGROUND Rates of self-medication among pregnant women are high, due to the promotion of herbal and dietary supplements and lack of awareness of possible adverse effects. This study evaluated self-medication in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Soba Teaching Hospital, Sudan. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quantitative study was conducted using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions divided into 4 sections: demographic and obstetric; self-medication source, recommendations, and conditions; most commonly used medications and herbal medicine; reasons for self-medications. A total of 230 pregnant women were included in the study. The chi-square test was used to test associations between variables and the binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between self-medication practice and explanatory variables. A P value of <0.05 was deemed significant in the final model. RESULTS Of the 230 pregnant women interviewed, 67% were multigravida, 184 (80%) practiced self-medication, 45.6% used pharmaceutical products, commonly analgesics (32.5%), and 21.9% used herbal remedies, including peppermint (19.4%) and citrus fruits (17.5%). Self-medication was used for nausea (49.5%) and heartburn (46.2%). Reasons for self-medication included belief in safety (40%) and the expense of physician fees (28.1%). Socio-demographic characteristics and the prevalence of self-medication in pregnant women showed no significant associations. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study showed that the prevalence of self-medication reported by pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Sudan was high and included approved drugs and herbal medicines, mainly from pharmacies, and was driven by the perception that all medications supplied by pharmacies were safe.