Impact of a Bioprotective Complex on the Time Course of Aminotransferase Activity in Blood Serum Under Separate and Simultaneous Exposure to Lead and Fluoride (Experimental Studies)

Lead and fluoride enter the human body individually and simultaneously through water, food, and air, disrupting metabolic processes in liver tissue. The sequential application of a bioprotective complex that reduce the negative effects of lead and fluoride has been insufficiently studied. The aim of the study is to investigate the changes over time in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood serum of laboratory animals under prolonged separate and simultaneous exposure to lead and fluoride, without application of bioprotective agents and during the sequential addition of pectin, pectin with calcium, and a complex of pectin, calcium, and antioxidants to the standard animal diet. Materials and Methods. Four clinical trial series were conducted on white rats, each following an orthogonal design 22. Aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NaF were administered orally separately and simultaneously over 30 days: in the first series without bioprotective agents, in the second with pectin, in the third with pectin and calcium, and in the fourth with a complex of pectin, calcium, and antioxidants – C, E, and β-carotene vitamins, and selenium. The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases was measured in blood serum on days 3, 15, and 30 in the first and second series of experiments, and on day 30 in the third and fourth series. Results. Separate and simultaneous oral administration of lead and fluoride to white rats leads to increased activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in blood serum. The maximum changes were observed at the end of the experiment. The protective role of pectin alone under long-term fluoride expos ure and simultaneous exposure to lead and fluoride was not sufficiently effective. Concurrent intake of calcium and pectin significantly reduced the increase in transaminase activity, indicating an improvement in the metabolic and functional state of the liver. The application of the bioprotective complex restored the aminotransferase activity in blood serum. Conclusions. The complex of pectin with calcium and antioxidants can be considered an optimal means of correcting aminotransferase activity in blood serum under prolonged separate and simultaneous exposure to lead and fluoride.