Carbon dots in biomedicine: From synthesis to application

Many studies have examined the properties and possible uses of carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Many notable features are present in them, such as robust colloidal stability, easy surface functionalization and bioconjugation, robust biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro settings, resistance to photobleaching, an environmentally benign synthesis process, and a comparatively low production cost. These characteristics make carbon dots an attractive option for a variety of possible biomedical uses. This work provides a thorough review of the most recent developments in the biomedical sciences, covering the physicochemical characteristics, synthesis techniques, and uses of carbon dots in biosensing, bioimaging, and disease treatment. It is based on a thorough examination of the relevant literature and experimental results. According to the study findings that are now accessible, carbon dots have a lot of potential applications in the biomedical industry. These properties make carbon dots suitable for use in bioimaging, biosensing, and disease treatment. Nevertheless, there are still some challenging issues that require further investigation and analysis. It is anticipated that further research and exploration will result in carbon dots making a significant contribution to human health in the future, and that the ongoing innovation and development of carbon dot technology will result in a significant transformation of the biomedical field.