Development of a preliminary clinical approach for detecting insulin resistance for normoglycemic control in canine diabetes

Consistent and effective blood glucose (BG) control is crucial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR). In this study, the surrogate indices for monitoring insulin sensitivity and the preliminary clinical approach for detecting IR were established. Fasting serum C-peptide was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and utilized as an endogenous insulin representation. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was then calculated. To detect the IR, the relationship between HOMA-IR and fasting serum C-peptide in each individual subject was analyzed, and designed cut-off values. The results revealed that the HOMA-IR of the DM group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (p < 0.001). Based on the designed cut-off values, the preliminary clinical approach for detecting IR (CUVET DM-IR grid I) was proposed. The subjects could be categorized based on CUVET DM-IR grid I into four categories: 1) non-IR DM group, 2) IR DM group or non-IR DM group with the risk of IR development, 3) normal group, and 4) uncategorized group. When combined, a preliminary clinical strategy for detecting IR based on CUVET DM-IR cut-off values may be considered and applied in cases of newly diagnosed diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, and other underlying factors. In diabetic situations, the therapy intervention for insulin sensitivity enhancement may play a supporting role in achieving normoglycemic management.