Restoration Effects on a Native Cutthroat Trout Stream

ABSTRACT Restoration practitioners spend more than $1 billion each year restoring US rivers and streams but commit comparatively few resources to evaluating project effectiveness. Meanwhile, monitoring and disseminating the outcomes of restoration projects remains our best opportunity to learn from past successes and failures and to, ultimately, improve the cost effectiveness of restoration. We monitored the physical and biological outcomes of a stream restoration project in the Rocky Mountains, the goals of which were to improve habitat for and productivity of native Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (CRCT) and the scope of which included three contiguous reaches under different restoration treatments. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of the restoration project relative to its stated goals and objectives. To test for restoration effects on physical and biological indicators we coupled a before‐after, control‐impact (BACI) study design with (generalized) linear mixed models. Over the course of 7 years, we detected restoration‐related increases in floodplain connectivity, streambank stability, and riparian shrub cover, as well as decreases in summer stream temperature. Despite measuring improvements in native trout habitat, we were unable to draw definitive conclusions regarding restoration effects on native trout abundance because of the unforeseen removal of some CRCT from the study area during the study period. Although our study was somewhat limited in scope, our findings contribute toward a relatively small body of work on monitoring and effectiveness of river restoration. [Correction added on 31 January 2025, after first online publication: The Abstract has been amended in this version.]