The Legal Dilemma and Optimization Path of the Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in Litigation

The litigation of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is a vital avenue for peacefully resolving legal disputes between nations and fostering positive international cooperation. ICJs aim is to refine and develop its methodology for properly handling and adjudicating various legal disputes among countries, and to optimize the related codified rule framework accordingly. Concurrently, the ICJ harbors the vision of broadening its jurisdiction and gaining recognition from more countries, striving to better maintain international peace, promote the proper resolution of international disputes, and advance the continuous progress and development of the international judicial system. However, in the context of the evolving and progressing international community, the ICJ has encountered numerous challenges in the actual exercise of its jurisdictional authority. This study examines these challenges in depth, focusing on issues related to admissibility, optional compulsory jurisdiction, and delayed jurisdiction. Through this analysis, a series of targeted recommendations are proposed to address these practical dilemmas and to support the ICJ in fulfilling its crucial mandate more effectively.