An Open-Source Code for High-Speed Non-Equilibrium Gas–Solid Flows in OpenFOAM

This paper details the development and verification tests of an open-source code named hy2LPTFoam intended for solving high-speed non-equilibrium gas-particle flows in OpenFOAM. The solver, based on hy2Foam for high-speed non-equilibrium gas flow, integrates multiple particle force models, heat transfer models, the diffusion-based smoothing method, and the MPPIC method. The verification tests incorporate interactions between shock waves and particle curtains with varying particle volume fractions, a JPL nozzle generating a two-phase gas–particle flow, and a Mars entry body with two particle inflow mass fractions. The tests yield good physical agreement with numerical and experimental data from the literature.