A novel hybrid LFC scheme for multi-area interconnected power systems considering coupling attenuation

In this paper, a hybrid load frequency control (LFC) scheme is proposed for multi-area interconnected power systems to decouple the intricate double control objectives, by dividing all subareas into the responsible areas and the free areas. The LFC in the responsible area has the function of regulating both the local frequency and the tie-line power, while the control objective of the LFC in the free area is thus simplified to regulate the local frequency only. Then, addressing the complex network coupling and uncertain dynamics, an integrated LFC controller is proposed for the free areas, which consists of two parts, namely, the coupling attenuation baseline controller and the disturbance compensation controller. The coupling attenuation baseline controller satisfying the predefined bounded L₂-Gain condition is derived based on the solution to a multi-player zero-sum differential game. Additionally, a novel generalized integral observer is designed to estimate the system's integrated disturbance, and the corresponding disturbance compensation controller is derived. After that, the ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB) stability of the integrated LFC controller combining baseline controller and disturbance compensation controller is proven rigorously. Finally, the performance superiority of the proposed hybrid LFC scheme is validated by the simulations in challenging operating modes.