Efficacy Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Combined with Arthroplasty or Joint Replacement for Tuberculous of the Elbow Joint: A Retrospective Study of 40 Patients

Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow joint (TAEJ) is a relatively rare infectious bone and joint disease. Misdiagnosed owing to inconspicuous early symptoms, often the elbow joint has suffered serious damage at the time of treatment. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical manifestations, population characteristics, clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, and functional recovery of elbow joint tuberculosis (TB). A retrospective study of 40 patients was conducted. These patients were diagnosed with tuberculous arthritis of the elbow from June 2007 to August 2021 and were diagnosed with TAEJ by fine-needle aspiration biopsy or biopsy of surgically excised lesions. All patients underwent surgery after taking regular anti-TB drugs and chemotherapy for 2 weeks. Visual analogue scale score, Mayo elbow performance score, and hospital for special surgery assessment scale score were used to evaluate postoperative functional recovery. Imaging tests were used to evaluate patients' postoperative recovery. Forty patients were followed up for an average of 12.5 ±0.5 months. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values returned to normal after anti-TB drug chemotherapy combined with surgical removal of infected lesion tissue; only one patient relapsed 16 months after surgery. Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow joint should be diagnosed in an early stage based on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and histopathological examinations. Complete surgical removal of the lesions should be performed after chemotherapy with anti-TB drugs for 2 weeks. The corresponding operation should be selected according to the damage in the elbow joint.