Graphene-based reconfigurable multifunctional metasurface

We have proposed and investigated a concise design for a multifunctional metasurface operating within the terahertz frequency range. The metasurface’s structural layer comprises metallic resonant rings adorned with embedded graphene. Leveraging the electrically adjustable properties of graphene, we can actively manipulate the opening positions of the metal rings, thereby restructuring the metasurface to modulate circularly polarized waves and achieve specific functionalities. Of particular significance, we have introduced a straightforward operational method by strategically designing the placement of graphene embeddings, facilitating flexible adjustments to the phase gradient and paving the way towards achieving comprehensive phase coverage. This meticulously crafted metasurface realizes a multitude of THz control functionalities, including beam deflection, metalens focusing, and vortex beam generation. The findings from our study hold promise in offering invaluable insights for tailored applications in wave modulation, spanning terahertz imaging, detection, modulation, and sensing.