Study on the evolution of duan(端) initials in Zhengzhou dialect

This study initially investigated the pronunciations of the group of duan(端) initials in the seven dialect spots of Zhengzhou and in its adjacent Kaifeng dialect. Subsequently, the survey results were horizontally compared with the corresponding readings in the Beijing phonological system, and their synchronic differences were listed. Additionally, this study compared the survey results with their respective Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, early 20th-century pronunciations as well as late 20thcentury pronunciations to illustrate the evolution of initial consonants in Zhengzhou dialect through tabulation.