No Nanobots in Vaccines — Just Lipids on the Loose: Commentary on Lee and Broudy (2024), “Real-Time Self-Assembly of Stereomicroscopically Visible Artificial Constructs in Incubated Specimens of mRNA Products Mainly from Pfizer and Moderna: A Compreh

Lee and Broudy (2024) reported conspicuous microscopic objects in mRNA vaccines, which they interpreted as “nano-robots”. This is a misconception, because the wide range of different shapes can be readily explained in terms of self-assembling lipids (including cholesterol), as are used for transfection. Lipid nanostructures and their rearrangements will be discussed.