Closing the gap: Addressing health disparities in the management of fragility fractures in low and middle-income countries' geriatric population

The purpose of this review is to examine and synthesize the existing evidence on health disparities in the management of fragility fractures among the geriatric population in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review also aims to identify key risk factors, such as osteoporosis and undiagnosed vertebral fragility fractures, that contribute to these disparities and explore potential strategies for improving patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. The search focused on studies published between January 2010 and September 2021 that investigated health disparities in the management of fragility fractures in older adults within LMICs. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 14 studies being included in the review. The reviewed studies highlight significant health disparities in the management of fragility fractures among the geriatric population in LMICs. Key contributing factors to these disparities include limited access to healthcare, inadequate resources, poor infrastructure, insufficient training of healthcare professionals, and cultural beliefs. Additionally, the review identifies the high prevalence of osteoporosis and undiagnosed vertebral fragility fractures as critical risk factors that exacerbate these disparities. These factors collectively contribute to delayed diagnoses, suboptimal treatment, and poorer patient outcomes, including higher morbidity and mortality rates. Health disparities in the management of fragility fractures in the geriatric population of LMICs present a significant public health challenge. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach, including improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing access to care, enhancing the training of healthcare professionals, and developing culturally-appropriate interventions. Furthermore, raising awareness of osteoporosis and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of fragility fractures is crucial for reducing the burden of these injuries and improving the quality of life for older adults in LMICs.