Natural riparian vegetation as corridors to promote bee diversity and pollination services in an urban landscape

Abstract Understanding how landscape structure and riparian vegetation impact bee diversity is important for maintaining pollination service in urban areas. We explored spatial and temporal variation of bee communities across land use types in a riparian zone of a mountainous megacity in 2018 and 2022, examined whether riparian vegetation functions as corridors that maintain gene flow of bee populations, and mapped pollination supply at the landscape scale. Pielou index was higher in 2018 than in 2022, while no significant differences in abundance, Shannon and richness index were observed. The abundance of bees and the Shannon index were significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of flowers on grassland and forested land, respectively, while both were negatively correlated with the area of the building. The genetic differentiation of the bee communities in the riparian zone was lower than those outside, indicating the function of the riparian vegetation corridor. The pollination supply varied significantly between regions, with medium to high degree of pollination supply distributed primarily in residual habitats and the surrounding urban green spaces, while low degree in the remaining areas. Our results stress the importance of maintaining the continuity of vegetation in riparian zones and increasing flower abundance, especially native plant species, for the conservation of bees in urban areas. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.