Exploring Facial Somatosensory Distortion in Chronic Migraine: The Role of Laterality and Emotion Recognition—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In addition to being highly distressing, chronic migraine headaches are a major socioeconomic challenge. Like other pain syndromes, migraine headaches are associated with psychological and physiological impairments, including sensorimotor and somatosensory deficits. Aim: This study aims to explore whether patients with high-frequency or chronic migraine differ from a healthy population in the areas of laterality recognition (LAT) and facial emotion recognition (FER) and whether there are correlations between these areas and central sensitization of pain and psychological components like stress, depression, anxiety, and alexithymia. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, individuals with high-frequency or chronic (ICHD classification) migraine (migraine group MG = 45) and healthy individuals (control group CG = 25) were studied using LAT testing (hand, neck, and face); FER testing; and questionnaires, including the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results: Data from 70 participants were collected for analysis. Statistically significant differences were found only in the assessment of central sensitization (p < 0.001). Weak to moderate monotonic correlations were found for the MG, especially between alexithymia detection (TAS-20) and facial emotion recognition (FER test). Discussion: The methodological procedure and its accompanying challenges can be seen as limitations of this study. The lack of significant effects must be mentioned, but the selection of the collected questionnaires, the uniform diagnostics, and the statistical processing of a large amount of data represent methodological strengths. Conclusion: The CSI and the TAS-20 could be used in combination with FER to assess chronic migraine. Implementing the described sensorimotor parameters as a therapeutic intervention requires further investigation.