Hydrogen storage planning robust to year‐round net load fluctuation

Abstract Long‐term hydrogen storage systems are considered a solution to the long‐term supply imbalance caused by different seasonal characteristics in renewable energy output and load. However, most existing planning models assume the whole year‐round net load series is known in advance and the optimal operation sequence of long‐term storage is derived accordingly. This assumption underestimates the necessary long‐term storage capacity because of the difficulty of accurate fine‐grained long‐term forecasting. This work proposes a long‐term hydrogen storage planning framework that is robust to year‐round net load fluctuation. The daily average component from the historical net load series is first derived to formulate the long‐term operation scenario set. On this basis, a robust planning model is developed where the trend of long‐term storage operation is forced to be identical for all long‐term operation scenarios and not to respond to one specific scenario with full information of the net load sequence. The results show that the planning results given by the proposed framework are more robust in real‐time operation with less load shedding.