Asymmetric transmission of electrons in ballistic graphene

Exploring asymmetric transmission in graphene is critical for advancing microelectronics, particularly applications such as rectifiers, demodulators, and logic gates. In monolayer graphene, however, the absent band gap and Klein tunneling make this challenging. This research focuses on breaking spatial-inversion symmetry by utilizing a four-layer array of quantum dots that integrates the functions of both electron metasurfaces and band-gap materials. The results seem promising for the development of devices that rely on one-way electron transmission with nearly perfect efficiency and a simple design.