Composition and Distribution of Bacteria, Pathogens, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes at Shanghai Port, China

As one of the biggest ports, the aquatic ecology of Shanghai Port has a significant impact on the health of surrounding residents and aquatic animals. Therefore, this study explored the composition and distribution of bacteria, pathogens, and ARGs at Shanghai Ports by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial community was dominated by the Proteobacteria at the phylum level. With the refinement of classification level, the main composition of bacteria in different samples shows significant differences. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the composition and distribution of pathogens among the samples. It indicates that pathogens and ARGs have steady community composition at Shanghai Port. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica could be regarded as candidate indicator pathogens. macB, tetA (58), and evgS were the main ARGs, and they showed a close relationship with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Magnaporthe oryzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Vibrio cholerae in different sites and layers. This may lead to the transfer of ARGs between different pathogens, resulting in more threatening pathogens. The results showed that the pathogens and ARGs present posed a risk of transmission and were potentially harmful to residents in the environment. They can spread to any other ports in the world through the transmission of ballast water, posing a threat to humans and local ecology. In order to keep human health, it is necessary to pay more attention to the water environment of ports and increase the monitoring. Furthermore, it is essential to strengthen the supervision of external source pollution input due to the special features of the port.