Non-Coding RNAs Involved in the Regulation of Signaling Pathways as Possible Markers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression

The current understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of signaling pathways that control lipid accumulation and the development of inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is outlined. The contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) to changes in lipid metabolism and the formation of lipotoxicity as trigger mechanisms of NAFLD is considered. The role of TGFβ, TNFα/NF-κb, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways in the activation of stellate cells, liver fibrogenesis and the progression of NAFLD has been demonstrated. Analysis of literature data has revealed a number of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) presumably associated with the regulation of these signaling pathways in this disease. They may probably have prognostic significance for differentiating clinical forms and severity of NAFLD.