Predictive criteria for selecting track and field events based on physical characteristics of athletes

This study aimed to evaluate the levels of basic and specialized physical fitness of elite high-school track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers, and middle- and long-distance runners) to provide scientific evidence for key predictive variables that could serve as selection criteria for major events in track and field. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, athletes from high schools in Chungcheongnam-do [sprinters (n=15), jumpers (n=12), and middle- and long-distance runners (n=14)] were examined for their body composition, physical characteristics, and isokinetic lower limb strength and anaerobic power. Statistical analysis methods (one-way ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis) were then used to predict the main predictive variables for determining specific track and field events. The study results showed that sprinters and jumpers had relatively higher heights and lean body mass (muscle mass) development compared to middle- and long-distance runners. Sprinters and jumpers also demonstrated significantly higher levels in long jump, vertical jump, flexibility, coordination, isokinetic lower limb extensor strength, and anaerobic power. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that vertical jump, coordination, and lower limb extensor strength were key predictive variables for athlete’s selection of specific track and field events. Collectively, these findings provide scientifically valuable insights that can be utilized by coaches and exercise scientists for athlete selection, development, and training program design. However, considering limitations such as the representativeness of the sample and the need for long-term follow-up studies, further empirical validation through subsequent research is deemed necessary.