Immunologic mediators profile in COVID-19 convalescence

SARS-CoV-2 caused the pandemic situation experienced since the beginning of 2020, and many countries faced the rapid spread and severe form of the disease. Mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host were observed during acute phase, but few data are available when related to immunity dynamics in convalescents. We conducted a longitudinal study, with 51 healthy donors and 62 COVID-19 convalescent patients, which these had a 2-month follow-up after symptoms recovery. Venous blood sample was obtained from all participants to measure blood count, subpopulations of monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Serum was used to measure cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG/IgM antibodies. Statistic was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression with days post symptoms and antibody titers. All analysis had confidence interval of 95%. Less than 35% of convalescents were anti-S IgM+, while more than 80% were IgG+ in D30. Anti-N IgG decreased along time, with loss of seroreactivity of 13%. Eosinophil count played a distinct role on both antibodies during all study, and the convalescence was orchestrated by higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IL-15, but initial stages were marked by increase in myeloid DCs, B1 lymphocytes, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, G-CSF and IL-2. Later convalescence seemed to change to cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, VEGF, IL-9 and CXCL10. Anti-S IgG antibodies showed the longest perseverance and may be a better option for diagnosis. The inflammatory pattern is yet present on initial stage of convalescence, but quickly shifts to a reparative dynamic. Meanwhile eosinophils seem to play a role on anti-N levels in convalescence, although may not be the major causative agent. We must highlight the importance of immunological markers on acute clinical outcomes, but their comprehension to potentialize adaptive system must be explored to improve immunizations and further preventive policies.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2024-09-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71419-x
Citations
3
Primary Topic
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.17

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article

Immunologic mediators profile in COVID-19 convalescence

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3 citations
Scientific Reports
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article

Immunologic mediators profile in COVID-19 convalescence

Walter Luiz Lima Neves, Claudia M. M. Abrahim, Nelson Abrahim Fraiji, Olindo Assis Martins‐Filho, Lucas Silva de Oliveira, Allyson Guimarães Costa, Andréa Teixeira‐Carvalho, Diana Mota Toro, Carlos A. Sorgi, Lúcia Helena Faccioli, Thainá Cristina Cardoso Costa, Pedro V. da Silva‐Neto, Lilyane Amorim Xábregas, Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna, Éster Cerdeira Sabino, Alexander Leonardo Silva-Junior, Maria Perpétuo Socorro Sampaio Carvalho, Andréa Monteiro Tarragô, Adriana Malheiro, Myuki Alfaia Esashika Crispim, Miharu Maguinoria Matsuura Matos, Danielle Costa Marques Aponte, Maria Carmo Costa Silva, Stephanny Dias, Tatiana Campos Oliveira
article en
3 citations

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 caused the pandemic situation experienced since the beginning of 2020, and many countries faced the rapid spread and severe form of the disease. Mechanisms of interaction between the virus and the host were observed during acute phase, but few data are available when related to immunity dynamics in convalescents. We conducted a longitudinal study, with 51 healthy donors and 62 COVID-19 convalescent patients, which these had a 2-month follow-up after symptoms recovery. Venous blood sample was obtained from all participants to measure blood count, subpopulations of monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Serum was used to measure cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-N IgG and anti-S IgG/IgM antibodies. Statistic was performed by Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression with days post symptoms and antibody titers. All analysis had confidence interval of 95%. Less than 35% of convalescents were anti-S IgM+, while more than 80% were IgG+ in D30. Anti-N IgG decreased along time, with loss of seroreactivity of 13%. Eosinophil count played a distinct role on both antibodies during all study, and the convalescence was orchestrated by higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IL-15, but initial stages were marked by increase in myeloid DCs, B1 lymphocytes, inflammatory and patrolling monocytes, G-CSF and IL-2. Later convalescence seemed to change to cytotoxicity mediated by T lymphocytes, plasmacytoid DCs, VEGF, IL-9 and CXCL10. Anti-S IgG antibodies showed the longest perseverance and may be a better option for diagnosis. The inflammatory pattern is yet present on initial stage of convalescence, but quickly shifts to a reparative dynamic. Meanwhile eosinophils seem to play a role on anti-N levels in convalescence, although may not be the major causative agent. We must highlight the importance of immunological markers on acute clinical outcomes, but their comprehension to potentialize adaptive system must be explored to improve immunizations and further preventive policies.

Scientific ReportsVol. 14(1)
Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (BR), Universidade de São Paulo (BR), Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (BR), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (BR), Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (BR), Fundação Getulio Vargas (BR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (BR), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (BR)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Gender equality
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
1.17
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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