The relationship of chronic neuronal inflammation (neuroinflammation) to neurodegeneration is exemplified by Alzheimer's Disease and alternative therapeutic approaches: Narrative review

Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the focus of this review.AD is the most common cause of dementia and age-related cognitive impairment.The existing hypotheses do not fully elucidate the pathogenesis of AD.Neuroinflammation may prove to be a critical pathogenetic component of AD and an important therapeutic target.The mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation include dysregulation of the microbiota and dysfunction of the gut-brain axis, blood-brain barrier pathology, microglia cell activation, and oxidative stress.The presence of elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including IL-1 (interleukin 1), IL-6 (interleukin 6), and TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-), has been demonstrated in AD cases in comparison to healthy subjects.Furthermore, imaging studies lend support to the inflammatory theory of neurodegenerative diseases.The following section will analyze the various therapeutic strategies that have been suggested for the treatment of AD.Further research into the inflammatory processes in neurodegenerative diseases is essential to develop effective therapeutic strategies for patients.