Significance of novel PANoptosis genes to predict prognosis and therapy effect in the lung adenocarcinoma

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the dominant histotype of non-small cell lung cancer. Panoptosis, a comprehensive form of programmed cell death, is central to carcinogenesis. In this study, the expression of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) and their impact on the development, prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and treatment response of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were systematically evaluated. PRGs were selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Genecards dataset using differential expression analysis. The signature of included PRGs was identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Additionally, a nomogram was developed that includes signature and clinical information. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive validity of these risk models. Finally, functional analysis of the selected PRGs in signature and analysis of immune landscape were also performed. Preliminary identification of 10 genes related to PANoptosis has significant implications for prognosis. Subsequently, seven related genes were integrated to classify LUAD patients into different survival risk groups. The prognostic risk score generated from the signature and the TNM stage were as independent prognostic factors and were utilized in creating a nomogram plot. Both the features and the nomogram plot showed accurate performance in predicting the overall survival of LUAD patients. The PRGs were enriched in several biological functions and pathways, and stratified studies were conducted on the differences in immune landscape between high-risk and low-risk groups based on their characteristics. Ultimately, our evaluation focused on the differences in drug treatment efficacy between the high-risk and low-risk groups, providing a foundation for future research directions. Potential associations between PRGs and patient prognosis in LUAD have been identified in this study. Potential biomarkers for clinical application could be considered for the prognostic predictors identified in this study.