The Pattern of Corneal Diseases in North Kordofan State

Background: All corneal diseases cause ocular morbidity and decrease vision, or even blindness, so early management intervention is critical. This study sought to evaluate several corneal disorders, including corneal foreign bodies, corneal tears, and ruptured globes. Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was undertaken in El-Obeid Teaching Hospital's Ophthalmology Emergency Department in North Kordofan State, Sudan, as well as Dr. Khalil's Ophthalmology Center. This study sample, which represents the entire corneal illness, was obtained from 1000 patient files for various eye conditions. Results: This study examines 205 patients with corneal disorders to assess the prevalence of corneal diseases in North Kordofan State. The study found that the disease is more common in males, with 48 out of 78 patients (62%) being male and 38% being female. The male-to-female ratio is 1.6:1. The age group that is most affected is the group of individuals younger than 9 years, accounting for 34% of the affected population. This is followed by the age groups of 10–20 years, 21–32 years, 33–53 years, and >54 years, which account for 24%, 18%, 14%, and 9%, respectively. Regarding the classification of corneal disorders, the most prevalent form is foreign body corneal disease, accounting for 38% of cases. This is followed by corneal tear (16%), corneal opacity (15%), corneal tear with iris prolapses (10%), bacterial corneal ulcer (7%), and rupture globe (6%). The incidence rates of viral corneal ulcers, chemical trauma, burn trauma, and keratoconus are 3%, 3%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: Eye trauma is prevalent in north Kordofan, leading to an upsurge in corneal illnesses including foreign body cornea, corneal tear, and ruptured globe.