Diagnostic and treatment difficulties in a patient with anemia: Review with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia

Introduction: Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.Qualitative or quantitative defect of the adhesive protein that binds to the platelet receptor in the coagulation process causes this disease.In most cases, symptoms appear in early childhood.The aim: This study aims to present the diagnostic and therapeutic problem in a patient with GT.Case report: A 70-year-old patient hospitalized due to symptomatic anemia.Initially the patient was diagnosed with hemophilia, later the diagnosis was changed to Glanzmann thrombasthenia.The patient's last hospitalization was in 2024, during which gastroscopy and colonoscopy was performed.No pathological changes were detected.Results: Glanzmann thrombasthenia is characterized by an average platelet count and morphology, standard prothrombin time, and standard partial thromboplastin time, accompanied by prolonged bleeding time.The diagnosis is usually based on flow cytometry, which shows the absence of GPIIb or GPIIIa molecules on the platelet surface.Conclusions: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare genetic disease that causes symptoms of bleeding diathesis.Quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing this condition.Treatment options include transfusions of platelet concentrate, antifibrinolytic drugs, recombinant factor VIIa, and hematopoietic cell transplantation.