Nutcracker Syndromecompressed literature review

The Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) is a rare and ununderstood condition.The leading cause is the compression of the left renal vein (LRV), which can lead to symptoms such as hematuria, left flank pain, or proteinuria.Other rare symptoms, such as hypertension and headaches, have also been reported.There are cases where individuals exhibit radiological features of LRV compression without clinical symptoms, referred to as the Nutcracker Phenomenon (NCP).Additionally, NCS can be associated with other disorders such as varicocele, pelvic congestion syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or loin pain hematuria syndrome.Based on the compression location, it can be classified into anterior and posterior types.Due to its rarity and discrepancies in radiological criteria, diagnosis can be challenging.However, there are currently many effective and safe treatment methods available.In this paper, we have attempted to review the available literature to gather, condense, and present the current knowledge on this topic.