Drifting plasmons in two-dimensional electron channels: circuit analogy

Plasmons in two-dimensional electron channels have potential applications in the terahertz frequency range. Equivalent circuit models provide a convenient framework for analysing the plasmons. This article introduces a circuit model for plasmons in the presence of a dc current that flows in a gated channel. It is shown that drifting plasmons can be described by an <i>LC</i>-transmission line with distributed dependent sources. A circuit analogue of the Dyakonov-Shur instability is demonstrated. Then, a lumped-element transmission line with dependent sources is analysed, and non-reciprocity is demonstrated for examples of a right- and a left-handed transmission line. Effects of ohmic loss are discussed. The results could be used for the design of non-reciprocal transmission line devices. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship'.