Assessing The Impact of Lithological and Geological Features on Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) at Kelantan River Basin, Malaysia

The relationship between lithological and geological features, as assessed through Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), is crucial for exploring subsurface characteristics. ERT is non-invasive and provides high-resolution images of subsurface electrical resistivity, closely linked to lithologyand geological formations. This study aims to accurately delineate lithology, geological formations, and aquifer presence, whether in alluvial layers or bedrock. ERT measurements, employing Pole-dipole and Gradient-XL protocols, were conducted at At-Taqwa Mosque in Gua Musang, Mini Zoo in Kuala Krai, Kampung Sedar, and Kuala Jambu in Tumpat, Kelantan. Results indicated regions with high clay content exhibited low electrical resistivity (<100Ωm), whereas areas with sand and gravel deposits showed high resistivity (>500Ωm). Faults and fractures within hard layers significantly influenced resistivity values, revealing intricate connections between survey lines. Algorithmic analysis integrated with topographical data enhanced the identification of mineral exploration potential, paving the way for real-time monitoring. The Kelantan River Basin was selected due to its environmental importance, facilitating insights into groundwater dynamics, economic significance, and sustainable development practices. This study underscores ERT's role in ground management strategies, mineral exploration, and advancing ground exploration technologies.