Sustainable Business Models in the European Energy Sector

The present article investigates the sustainable business models (SBMs) of the two largest renewable energy producers (Iberdrola and Ørsted) in the European Union (EU) and a Romanian renewable energy company (Hidroelectrica). The study area focuses on wind or hydroelectric energy. The goal of the study is to conduct a comparison of the strategies, trends, differences, and best practices held by these organisations. In addition, the research proposes to carry out a comparison between the investment areas of each of the three organisations and the Non-financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) and the EU Taxonomy. The research involves multiple case studies and comparative analysis. The research findings enhance the comprehension of the conjunct tendencies existing in the industry that is placed under study, together with the regulatory framework. The sustainable business model (SBM) concept is frequently kept in the theoretical realm, the article standing as the basis through which its real characteristics are placed under investigation and are indicated. Overall, the information provided in the article will supplement understanding of the present landscape of the industry in the context of current environmental initiatives.