Implementation principles and means of nature-based solutions (NbS)

This study explored the implementation principles and means of nature-based solutions (NbS) in response to the climate crisis in Korea. NbS is the concept of responding to societal challenges or social transformation by protecting, restoring, managing, and utilizing nature from an efficient, effective, and sustainable perspective. The idea of NbS emerged from ecosystem-based approaches and has mainly been discussed with the aim of minimizing biodiversity loss and addressing the climate crisis. In Korea, various policies have been implemented in relation to NbS, but have mainly been discussed in terms of carbon sinks. For NbS policies to be effective, it is necessary to explore key factors to consider introducing NbS and in what direction and by what means they can be reflected in domestic policies. This study employed quantitative meta-synthesis, focusing on existing literature about NbS to suggest principles and provide examples of the means for implementing NbS. As a result, this study suggested four principles: 1) Evidence-based approach, 2) Linkage of legal systems and Policy, 3) Promotion of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and 4) Participation of stakeholders. Additionally, examples and directions were provided for how each principle can be realized within the current legal system and policies. While this study focused on the implementation principles of NbS in urban areas, it has limitations based on case studies and perspectives. Future research should validate the results of this study through empirical case studies.