SP1.13 - An Overview of Laparoscopic Surgical Training Modalities – How Does Augmented Reality Simulation Compare?

Abstract Background Laparoscopic surgery is known to require intensive training to gain the required skills and with the increasing popularity of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery requires novel and efficient ways of training. AR is a novel introduction to laparoscopic surgical training and can superimpose digital images and physical models with the unique advantage of combining visual realism with true-to-life haptic feedback. Methods Compare different types of laparoscopic training modalities and assess how AR compares to the education system, 31 papers were systematically reviewed, and the findings were compiled. Results Both the available products as well as the technology as an educational modality were evaluated. Results Studies reported relatively increased speed of learning, improved ability to multitask, procedural accuracy, hand-eye coordination and bimanual operation in a reduced practice time and increased success rate with AR in healthcare education. One of the limitations of AR is that it doesn’t reflect the non-technical skills required in the operation. Compared with other modalities AR provided faster skill acquisition and was widely preferred, except when compared against a human cadaver model for straight laparoscopic colorectal skills acquisition. AR tends to have a higher initial purchasing cost but does not require the costly specialist facilities or services that cadaver or animal models do, 150 trusts in the NHS preliminary data is showing an estimated annual saving of £117m. Conclusion AR simulation has the potential to become the new gold standard for laparoscopic surgical training, and beyond, pending further development of literature to increase knowledge of the technology and its capabilities, on top of technological evolution to increase clinical realism.