Clinical, etiological, and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with peripheral nerve damage caused by the February 6 earthquake in Türkiye

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the clinical, etiological, and electrophysiological characteristics of the February 6 earthquake victims referred to our center due to nerve damage. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, the demographic characteristics and findings of clinical examinations of 36 earthquake victims (25 females, 11 males; mean age: 31.6±15.5 years; range, 5 to 61 years) referred to our electrophysiology laboratory during the four-month period following the February 6 earthquake were investigated. The patients’ time spent under rubble, affected extremities, and electrophysiological findings were evaluated, and the locations of their lesions were determined using electromyography. Results: The mean time spent under rubble was 14.94±18.62 h, and 31 (86.1%) patients experienced partial nerve damage. Nerves were affected peripherally in 23 (74.2%) patients, at the lumbosacral plexus level in four (12.9%) patients, and at the brachial plexus level in another four (12.9%). Patients who were under rubble for more than 6.5 h had an increased risk of developing crush syndrome (p=0.014), and those under rubble for more than 8.5 h had an increased risk of developing compartment syndrome (p=0.008). Conclusion: The duration of exposure to rubble has been identified as a significant factor in the severity of nerve injury, as well as the development of compartment syndrome and crush syndrome. Therefore, the potential for peripheral nerve injury, which is a significant cause of morbidity, should be considered in the follow-up of patients who have survived earthquakes.