Turbulent flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transitions in ethane–air mixture

The deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) poses significant risks in the oil, gas, and nuclear industries, capable of causing catastrophic explosions and extensive damage. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap in understanding the DDT of ethane–air mixtures on a large scale, amid increasing industrial utilization and production of ethane. A novel computational framework is introduced, utilizing the finite-volume code named Morris Garages, which incorporates reactive compressible Navier–Stokes equations, adaptive mesh refinement, and correlations of turbulent burning velocities. This model integrates the most recent data on laminar and turbulent burning velocities for premixed ethane–air mixtures, simulating flame acceleration and DDT within a two-dimensional large-scale setting, measuring 21 m in length and 3 m in height, with obstacles mimicking pipe congestion. Two mixture scenarios, lean and near-stoichiometric, are analyzed to evaluate the effects of equivalence ratios on flame propagation and DDT. The simulations, validated against large-scale experimental data from Shell, show reasonable agreement and provide critical insights into the onset conditions of DDT, such as temperature, pressure, flame speed, and turbulent kinetic energy. Furthermore, the ξ–ε detonation peninsula diagram is utilized to explore autoignition and detonation behaviors in ethane–air mixtures.