What Is Your Building Doing for the City? Systematic Literature Review on the Potential of Façade Design for the Mitigation of Urban Environmental Problems

Rising urban temperatures, noise and air pollution, and the loss of biodiversity are pressing problems in cities worldwide that call for action at different scales to improve the livability of urban areas. This study focuses on the role that buildings and façade design play in the urban environment, exploring how their informed design might help mitigating these environmental issues at a local scale. It explores the field by means of a systematic review aimed at identifying the impact of façade design choices focusing on three main design variables: material, geometry, and vegetation in façades. Scopus and Web of Science databases were explored between 17 April and 20 April 2023, ending up with 121 scientific articles, then categorized and data-mined to allow for descriptive statistical analysis to discuss scientific results obtained via digital simulation or empirical measurements. Risk of bias was addressed through double revision of the gathered sample. This study ends with the identification of desirable façade attributes based on their reported impacts, in terms of material properties, geometric operations, and main vegetation parameters, which we discuss by outlining compatibilities and clashes between them to guide conscious building design decisions to improve the urban ecosystem.