Improving the Selectivity and Stability of Supported Cobalt Catalysts via Static Bi‐Doping and Dynamic Trace CO₂ Co‐Feeding During Propane Dehydrogenation

Simultaneously enhancing selectivity and stability on supported propane dehydrogenation (PDH) catalysts remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a combined static and dynamic strategy to address these issues synergistically. Firstly, we demonstrate a feasible sol-gel method for preparing atomically-dispersed Bi-decorated metal nanoparticle catalysts (MBi/Al₂O₃, M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn). In PDH testing, the total selectivity of by-products (CH₄ and C₂H₆) significantly decreases to 4 % for CoBi catalysts due to the static Bi-doping, compared with 16 % for Co-supported catalysts. Secondly, to enhance catalytic stability, we introduce a dynamic trace CO₂ co-feeding route. 10CoBi/Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibit superior durability against coke formation for 330 hours in PDH under a 40 % C₃H₈ atmosphere followed by pure C₃H₈ conditions at 600 °C while maintaining propylene selectivity at 96 %. Notably, introducing trace CO₂ leads to a remarkable 6-fold decrease in the deactivation rate constant (k_d). Multiple characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that charge transfer from atomically-distributed Bi to Co nanoparticles benefits lowering the energy of C₃H₆ adsorption thereby suppressing by-products. Furthermore, the dynamic co-feeding of trace CO₂ facilitates coke removal, suppressing catalyst deactivation. The static Bi-doping and dynamic trace CO₂ co-feeding strategy contributes simultaneously to increased selectivity and stability on supported PDH catalysts.