Regenerating and Developing a National Botanical Garden (NBG) in Khartoum, Sudan: Effect on Urban Landscape and Environmental Sustainability

This research focuses on the National Botanic Garden in Khartoum, Sudan, proposing tools and methods to assess botanical garden quality from multiple perspectives. It explores the related concepts between national botanical gardens and landscapes, regeneration landscapes and their components such as botanical gardens, their effects on urban regeneration in cities, urban environments, and environmental sustainability. This study aims to: regenerate and develop a National Botanical Garden in the Almogran area of Khartoum, Sudan, and highlight the importance of establishing a national botanical garden for each climatic region in Sudan. The study used questionnaires to identify the necessary needs for regeneration, and the opinions of employees of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry were surveyed about the purposes of: (1) evaluating the garden’s total area and interior design; (2) building regeneration; (3) establishing constructions, such as a library, seed gene bank, tissue culture laboratory, etc.; (4) emphasizing the need for modern technology to enhance quality. The study summarizes five regeneration technology methods: environmental plant restoration, water body restoration, building and facility restoration, reconstruction technology, and resource utilization; (5) botanical gardens were proposed for each climatic region in Sudan, and we studied the effects of establishing a botanical garden for each climate region in Sudan on environmental resilience, the effect of the botanical gardens’ regeneration on gardens within the cities, and effect of a national botanical garden on the urban landscape and environmental sustainability. These findings suggest that the comprehensive regeneration of the National Botanical Garden, integrating it with the urban regeneration of cities, especially urban greening regeneration, is important for enhancing urban landscapes, enhancing environmental resilience, environmental sustainability, climate change, and achieving land development goals, thus helping to address actual requirements and develop sustainable cities.