Technical Overview of Pyro-processing and Policy Considerations

Abstract Pyro-processing is an emerging technology crucial to the implementation of a closed nuclear fuel cycle. It is distinguished by its method of extracting and recycling actinides from fission products in spent nuclear fuels, utilizing high-temperature molten salt media. Despite its promise, the technology poses proliferation concerns that underscores the imperative for robust safeguards. While the safeguarding framework for aqueous reprocessing facilities that has been established over decades offers a foundational reference, the unique challenges posed by Pyro-processing necessitate a tailored approach. Amid these concerns, Pyro-processing is heralded as a viable strategy for nuclear waste management, with research increasingly focusing on its selectivity and efficacy within molten salt systems. This paper scrutinizes the proliferation risks inherent in Pyro-processing, delineates the requisite safeguards, and evaluates the feasibility of Pyro-processing, especially within the purview of the 123 Agreements between the United States and South Korea.