Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension

Abstract We are studying the effects of Self-Interacting dark radiation (SIdr) on the evolution of the universe. Our main focus is on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and how SIdr could potentially help resolve the Hubble tension. We are looking into different scenarios by mixing SIdr with Free-Streaming dark radiation (FSdr) or not to determine whether SIdr can indeed contribute to solving the Hubble tension. We find that SIdr alone can increase the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to $$70.1_{-1.6}^{+1.3}, \text {km/s/Mpc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>70</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km/s/Mpc</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with a value of $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.27_{-0.31}^{+0.23}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>27</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.31</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.23</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . However, including FSdr disfavors the existence of SIdr $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}\approx 0.37$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Even though the Hubble constant is increased compared to the predicted value, it entails $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.52\pm 0.25$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.52</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Finally, we implement the Fisher method for future experiments and a $$7.64\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.64</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> measurement of $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> will be obtained when combing data from Planck, AliCPT, and CMB-S4.

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2024-09-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13267-7
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.99

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article

Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension

Yi-Fu Cai, Batool Imtiaz, Dongdong Zhang, Zhiyu Lu
3 citations
The European Physical Journal C
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
0.99
article

Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension

Yi-Fu Cai, Batool Imtiaz, Dongdong Zhang, Zhiyu Lu
article en
3 citations

Abstract

Abstract We are studying the effects of Self-Interacting dark radiation (SIdr) on the evolution of the universe. Our main focus is on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and how SIdr could potentially help resolve the Hubble tension. We are looking into different scenarios by mixing SIdr with Free-Streaming dark radiation (FSdr) or not to determine whether SIdr can indeed contribute to solving the Hubble tension. We find that SIdr alone can increase the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to $$70.1_{-1.6}^{+1.3}, \text {km/s/Mpc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>70</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km/s/Mpc</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with a value of $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.27_{-0.31}^{+0.23}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>27</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.31</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.23</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . However, including FSdr disfavors the existence of SIdr $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}\approx 0.37$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Even though the Hubble constant is increased compared to the predicted value, it entails $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.52\pm 0.25$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.52</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Finally, we implement the Fisher method for future experiments and a $$7.64\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.64</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> measurement of $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> will be obtained when combing data from Planck, AliCPT, and CMB-S4.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 84(9)
University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Mohammad Ali Jinnah University (PK), Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (JP)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Scholarship Council, University of Science and Technology of China, Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project, National Key Research and Development Program of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
0.99
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