Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension
Abstract We are studying the effects of Self-Interacting dark radiation (SIdr) on the evolution of the universe. Our main focus is on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and how SIdr could potentially help resolve the Hubble tension. We are looking into different scenarios by mixing SIdr with Free-Streaming dark radiation (FSdr) or not to determine whether SIdr can indeed contribute to solving the Hubble tension. We find that SIdr alone can increase the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to $$70.1_{-1.6}^{+1.3}, \text {km/s/Mpc}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>70</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>km/s/Mpc</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with a value of $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.27_{-0.31}^{+0.23}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>27</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.31</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.23</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . However, including FSdr disfavors the existence of SIdr $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}\approx 0.37$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.37</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Even though the Hubble constant is increased compared to the predicted value, it entails $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.52\pm 0.25$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.52</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Finally, we implement the Fisher method for future experiments and a $$7.64\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7.64</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> measurement of $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mtext>si</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> will be obtained when combing data from Planck, AliCPT, and CMB-S4.
Authors
- Yi-Fu Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0706-8465)
- Batool Imtiaz
- Dongdong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6293-5401)
- Zhiyu Lu
Institutions
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah University (PK)
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2024-09-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13267-7
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.99
Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- China Scholarship Council
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project
- National Key Research and Development Program of China