SPRout-DBN: a cross domain bearing fault diagnosis method based on spatial pyramid pooling residual network-DBN

Abstract Effectively leveraging the spatial features of time series signals to improve the accuracy of bearing fault classification in neural networks presents a significant challenge. To address this issue of different operating conditions, a novel model termed spatial pyramid pooling residual network-deep belief network (SPRout-DBN) is proposed. First and foremost, the Gramian angular difference fields (GADF) are utilized to encode original vibration signals of bearings. Secondly, two-dimensional images transformed by GADF from original signals are input to a novel designed residual network with spatial pyramid pooling to extract fixed-size temporal fusion feature vectors. Finally, a deep belief network is employed for classification and cross-domain learning, enabling the identification of fault samples under varying operating conditions. The proposed method is validated by two sets of datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Jiangnan University, achieving accuracies of 99.81% and 99.0% under identical operating conditions, and 99.41% and 98.43% under different operating conditions with 40 samples. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed SPRout-DBN remains more robust and effective compared with other methods such as K-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, LeNet-5, ResNet-18, domain adaptation networks, and domain-adversarial neural networks in diverse operating environments.