The relationship of gros anomalies of the umbilical cord and placental pathologies

Objective: Previous studies have shown that umbilical cord morphology and its components affect the pregnancy process, mode of delivery, and outcome. Within the scope of this research, we aimed to elucidate and compare placental histological features and perinatal outcomes in all deliveries with or without umbilical cord anomaly. Materials & Methods: A total of 1105 females who had a delivery in our institution have been enrolled in this prospective study. Regarding patient groups, 270 cases were in the study group, and 835 cases in the control group. All patients' demographic data, prenatal information, intrapartum information, postpartum information, postpartum period, and newborn follow-up were recorded. After delivery, umbilical cord abnormalities and placenta macroscopic and microscopy results were monitored prospectively. Results: No placental pathology was detected in the control group, but statistical significance was achieved in the study group, including fetal vascular thrombosis and ectasia pathology and fetal vasculopathy or avascular villi pathology. There was no difference between the study and control groups regarding preeclampsia, ablatio placenta, and intrauterine maternal loss. Intrauterine growth retardation was detected at a higher rate in the study group, and the difference was significant. It was found that the follow-up of the babies of the cases in the neonatal intensive care unit study group was more complicated and required longer treatment. Conclusion: Gros cord anomalies, fetal vascular ectasia and thrombosis, and fetal thrombotic vasculopathy lead to pathologies associated with placental insufficiency, suggesting that it is an independent risk factor for intrauterine growth retardation.