Clinical Efficacy of Spleen Aminopeptide Combined with Budesonide and Levosalbutamol Hydrochloride, and Its Effects on Inflammatory Markers and Immune Function in Pediatric Bronchial Asthma

Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized primarily by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Objectives: This was a retrospective study aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy of spleen aminopeptide (SA) combined with budesonide (BUD) and levosalbutamol hydrochloride (LEV) as a therapy for pediatric BA, and to observe its effects on inflammatory markers and immune function. Methods: From June 2022 to June 2023, eighty individuals diagnosed with BA were divided into two groups: A control group and an observation group, based on different therapeutic methods. The control group received inhalation therapy with nebulized BUD and LEV, while the observation group received the same inhalation therapy as the control group, along with SA oral lyophilized powder (SAOLP) treatment. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups, evaluating clinical efficacy, changes in inflammatory markers and immunological parameters, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results: Upon treatment completion, the observation group exhibited an overall response rate (ORR) of 95.00%, whereas the control group showed an ORR of 80.00% (P < 0.05). Additionally, the observation group had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (LoHS) and a more rapid improvement in symptoms compared to the control group (both P < 0.05). Following treatment, both groups demonstrated significant decreases in interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels (all P < 0.05). However, these reductions were more pronounced in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Similarly, after treatment, both groups showed significant increases in T cell subsets CD3⁺ and CD4⁺, the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, and levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (all P < 0.05), with these changes being more evident in the observation group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Both groups experienced adverse reactions during the treatment, with an overall adverse reaction rate (OADRR) of 7.50% in the observation group and 10.00% in the control group (χ² = 0.157, P = 0.692). Conclusions: The combined therapy using SA, BUD, and LEV can significantly improve immune function and reduce inflammatory markers, thereby achieving satisfactory efficacy in treating pediatric BA with a clinically safe profile.