Pre-existing cardiovascular disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events during Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy

The association between pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the development of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAE) during Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy is not well established. We compared the rate of CVAE, such as new onset or worsening atrial fibrillation (AF), supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, between individuals with and without pre-existing CVD, during BTKi treatment. Secondary objectives were to compare the outcomes of patients treated with first generation BTKi versus second generation BTKi and characterize management decisions. A single-center retrospective review was conducted on patients treated with BTKi from 2013 to 2022 at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between pre-existing CVD and CVAE. In this cohort, 11 out of 54 patients (20.4%) with pre-existing CVD developed CVAE, compared to 11 out of 135 patients (8.1%) without pre-existing CVD [age- and sex-adjusted OR 2.79; 95% CI (1.09, 7.25), P = .03]. Patients with pre-existing CVD had higher odds of developing new or worsening AF [age- and sex-adjusted OR 3.36; 95% CI (1.09, 10.71), P = .03]. Results remained robust after further adjustment of comorbidities, type of BTKi, and baseline medications. These results highlight the need for standardized approaches to prevent and promptly detect CVAE during BTKi treatment, particularly in patients with pre-existing CVD.