Actualización en el manejo de gonartrosis: Revisión bibliográfica

Gonarthrosis is a chronic-degenerative disease that involves the entire joint and its components, mainly affecting the articular cartilage, producing its degeneration and bone hyperplasia. About 50-60% of older adults experience symptoms of OA. The objective of this research is to discover new therapeutic options for gonarthrosis, in addition to expanding knowledge about intra-articular infiltration by describing the substances available for this therapy. An electronic search of scientific articles published from January 2018 to April 2024 was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. Currently there are several options for the treatment of OA, from physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy to surgery. Intra-articular drug administration is a new therapeutic approved by the FDA, among its advantages are local bioavailability, reduced systemic drug exposure, fewer adverse events and reduced costs. Some of the substances used are glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid, ozone and platelet-rich plasma, which reduce pain and inflammation, increasing the patient's quality of life. It is concluded that botulinum toxin decreases central and peripheral sensitivity, reducing pain in the short term. The use of hyaluronic acid as a vehicle for the application of gold microparticles has decreased symptoms in the short and long term, however, further studies are required to evaluate its effectiveness on the control of other symptoms.