Impact of seed size on germination parameters in Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.

Seed size is a plastic trait in plants that directly influences seed germination and seedling recruitment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between seed size, seed germinability, and seedling performance in Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr., a species with significant ecological and medicinal importance. Seeds were categorized into five size classes: very large, large, medium, small, and very small, and analyzed using seed image analysis. Morphometric parameters, including area, length, width, aspect ratio, average diameter, perimeter, convex perimeter, and roundness, were measured for each size class. The analysis revealed significant variations in these parameters across the different size classes. Results indicated that smaller seeds had a higher germination percentage and a proportionally greater amount of resources to their roots compared to those from larger seeds. This suggests that smaller seeds, with their higher germination rates and faster germination times, are better suited for colonizing transient habitats. Conversely, larger seeds, which produce more vigorous seedlings, are more advantageous for establishment in stable habitats. Thus, we argue that the high variability in seed size of Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. supports its widespread geographic distribution. This study underscores the importance of seed size as a determinant of successful germination and early seedling development in Flacourtia indica. The findings have implications for seed selection strategies in reforestation and conservation programs, aiming to enhance the propagation success and establishment of this valuable species.