Assessing farmers' awareness of pollution causes and effects in agricultural systems: Insights and implications

Agricultural activities significantly impact the environment, with consequential effects on both agricultural practices and ecosystem sustainability. This study investigates farmers' awareness of environmental pollution caused by agricultural practices in Thrissur and Palakkad districts, Kerala, which are pivotal regions for rice, banana, and vegetable production. The primary objective was to assess farmers' understanding of pollution causes and effects and to identify gaps in knowledge that could impact the adoption of sustainable practices. A sample of 120 participants, including 90 farmers and 30 stakeholders, was selected using random sampling and interviews. Data were collected through pre-tested questionnaires, with statements evaluated on a 5-point scale for causes and a 4-point scale for effects of pollution. Awareness indices were calculated to gauge the extent of understanding among the farmers. The findings reveal that 60% of farmers have a medium awareness of pollution causes, while 21% demonstrate high awareness, and 19% exhibit low awareness. On the effects of pollution, 82% of farmers were highly aware, indicating a strong recognition of pollution impacts on crop yield, livestock health, and overall agricultural productivity. Despite this, there is a notable gap in understanding the sources of pollution, such as industrial sludge, waste disposal, and aquaculture impacts. The study highlights the need for targeted educational initiatives to bridge the knowledge gap regarding pollution causes. Economic constraints, lack of access to sustainable technologies, and insufficient support are major barriers to translating awareness into effective practice. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts involving local governance, NGOs, and development agencies to provide practical solutions and support. By addressing these issues, it is possible to enhance sustainable farming practices, mitigate environmental impacts, and ensure food security for future generations.