Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation with and without Mulligan's Technique in Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: Adhesive capsulitis, or frozen shoulder, is characterized by pain and stiffness, significantly impacting daily activities. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Mulligan's technique are interventions used to improve shoulder mobility and reduce pain.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of FES with and without Mulligan's technique in enhancing shoulder function and reducing pain in patients with adhesive capsulitis.Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 28 participants divided into two groups. Group A received conventional physical therapy, including heat therapy, range of motion exercises, strengthening, and manual therapy. Group B received the same therapy combined with FES and Mulligan's technique. Pre- and post-treatment assessments were conducted using the PENN Shoulder Scale and goniometric measurements for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Group B showed a 50% improvement in shoulder flexion (z = -2.946, p = 0.003) and a 60% improvement in shoulder extension (z = -2.980, p = 0.003) compared to Group A.Conclusion: Combining FES with Mulligan's technique significantly improves shoulder mobility and reduces pain in adhesive capsulitis patients compared to conventional therapy alone.