Forging out-of-equilibrium supramolecular gels
The design of supramolecular hydrogels comprising aligned domains is important for the fabrication of biomimetic materials and applications in optoelectronics. One way to access such materials is by the self-assembly of small molecules into long fibres, which can be aligned using an external stimulus. Out-of-equilibrium supramolecular gels can also be designed, where pre-programmed changes of state can be induced by the addition of chemical fuels. Here we exploit these dynamic properties to form materials with aligned domains through a 'forging' approach: an external force is used to rearrange the underlying network from random to aligned fibres as the system undergoes a pre-programmed gel-to-sol-to-gel transition. We show that we can predictably organize the supramolecular fibres, leading to controllable formation of materials with aligned domains through a high degree of temporal control.
Authors
- Harish Poptani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-3235)
- Edward H. Egelman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-5212)
- Marko Bek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6405-8541)
- Ann E. Terry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-0372)
- Dave J. Adams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-1350)
- Tomás S. Plivelic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-3251)
- Ravi R. Sonani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-2869)
- Santanu Panja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5082-5196)
- Marco Marcello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-8640)
- Roland Kádár (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-4952)
- Simona Bianco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8546)
- Roberto Appio
- Emma Bowley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2771-6857)
- Fin Hallam Stewart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8761-2678)
- Asra Zyar
- Mahon L. Maguire
Institutions
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Lund University (SE)
- MAX IV Laboratory (SE)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Synthesis
- Published
- 2024-09-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00623-4
- Citations
- 17
- Primary Topic
- Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.95
Funders
- British Society of Rheology
- University of Glasgow
- VINNOVA
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Vetenskapsrådet
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- Medical Research Foundation